Alan Turing was a mathematician. He is famous in part for his work on cryptography during the Second World War including designing the Bombe to help decrypt Enigma machine messages. He was also a theoretician about the principles of computation leading to both the concept of the Turing machine, a form of universal computation, and positing of the 'Imitation game', otherwise known as the Turing test to ascertain whether a machine is truly intelligent.
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